Q1 2026 Risk Index

20 Markets. Four Dimensions. Every Score Sourced to Public Record.

$64 billion in U.S. data center projects have been blocked or delayed since 2023. RealClear scored the 20 markets that matter most across four dimensions of entitlement risk — regulatory complexity, infrastructure readiness, opposition density, and approval timeline. All 10 of the hardest markets are getting worse, not better. The gap between the lowest score (2) and the highest (88) is the difference between a court injunction and a 30-day building permit.

  • All 10 Hardest markets have a Worsening trajectory. Not one is stabilizing.
  • The 80-point spread between the hardest and clearest markets represents 2-3 years of calendar risk and $50M-$260M in sunk diligence cost (per RealClear buyer research).
  • Water is the new opposition vector. 4 of the 10 Hardest markets face water-driven challenges — San Marcos, Oregon OH, Nobles County, and Google Palo.
  • Two markets — Pryor, Oklahoma and Storey County, Nevada — operate under regulatory structures that effectively eliminate standard entitlement friction. Their scores (88 and 86) are not anomalies; they are engineered outcomes.
  • Only one market in the entire index shows an Improving trajectory: Temple, Texas. Every other market is Stable or Worsening.
20 Markets Scored15 States249+ Claims VerifiedMethodology-Transparent

Transparent Methodology

How We Score

Four dimensions, weighted by how much they actually kill or clear a project. Every score decomposes into evidence you can verify.

Regulatory Risk

30 pts

Measures zoning classification, approval pathway type (by-right, CUP, rezoning), moratorium status, and regulatory trajectory. Higher scores indicate clearer regulatory paths.

Infrastructure Readiness

25 pts

Measures utility capacity, grid interconnection availability, water supply adequacy, and infrastructure investment commitments. Higher scores indicate better infrastructure readiness.

Opposition Density

25 pts

Measures organized opposition groups, petition scale, public hearing attendance, political consequences (elections, recalls), and legal challenges. Higher scores indicate less opposition.

Approval Timeline

20 pts

Measures historical approval durations, number of sequential approval steps, legal challenges affecting timeline, and demonstrated fast-track capabilities. Higher scores indicate faster approvals.

Score Interpretation

RangeLabelSignal
0-20Critical RiskMoratorium, denial, or fundamental barrier
21-40High RiskOrganized opposition, hostile trajectory
41-60Moderate RiskPathway exists but contested or constrained
61-80Low RiskSupportive environment, standard process
81-100Clear PathPre-approved or near-frictionless pathway

Weight Rationale

Regulatory Risk and Infrastructure Readiness kill projects. Opposition slows them but also drives regulatory change. Approval Timeline is partly downstream of the other three.

Scores reflect entitlement risk as of Q1 2026. Markets change rapidly.

A clear entitlement path does not guarantee project success.

Infrastructure delivery timelines are separate from entitlement risk.

This index is AI-generated with human review. Verify independently.

High Entitlement Risk

The 10 Hardest Markets for Data Center Entitlements

All 10 are getting worse. Moratoriums, organized opposition, hostile boards, active litigation. Know the fight before you enter it.

1

DeKalb County, Georgia

2
MoratoriumWorseninghigh conf.

DeKalb County shut the door and locked it.

Regulatory
0/30
Infrastructure
0/25
Opposition
2/25
Timeline
0/20
Read analysis
2

San Marcos, Texas

Hays County County

8
DeniedWorseninghigh conf.

The Edwards Aquifer hit record lows.

Regulatory
3/30
Infrastructure
4/25
Opposition
1/25
Timeline
0/20
Read analysis
3

Prince William County, Virginia

12
OngoingWorseninghigh conf.

A circuit court judge declared the rezonings void ab initio.

Regulatory
3/30
Infrastructure
5/25
Opposition
0/25
Timeline
4/20
Read analysis
4

Franklin Township, Indiana

Marion County County

13
WithdrawnWorseninghigh conf.

Google assembled 467 acres of Indiana farmland through a shell company called Deep Meadow Ventures.

Regulatory
3/30
Infrastructure
10/25
Opposition
0/25
Timeline
0/20
Read analysis
5

Nobles County, Minnesota

14
OngoingWorseninghigh conf.

Data centers are categorically prohibited in Nobles County's agricultural zones.

Regulatory
2/30
Infrastructure
5/25
Opposition
5/25
Timeline
2/20
Read analysis
6

City of Oregon, Ohio

Lucas County County

28
OngoingWorseninghigh conf.

The residents of Oregon, Ohio did something rare: they turned a data center fight into a mayoral election.

Regulatory
10/30
Infrastructure
8/25
Opposition
5/25
Timeline
5/20
Read analysis
7

City of St. Louis, Missouri

33
OngoingWorseninghigh conf.

St.

Regulatory
8/30
Infrastructure
15/25
Opposition
5/25
Timeline
5/20
Read analysis
8

King George County, Virginia

34
OngoingWorseninghigh conf.

King George County approved Amazon's rezoning, then elected a new Board of Supervisors that canceled the performance agreement, initiated a downzoning of 893 acres back to agricultural, and told Amazon's team to — according to the public record — "go to hell." The BZA denied vested rights 4-0.

Regulatory
12/30
Infrastructure
10/25
Opposition
8/25
Timeline
4/20
Read analysis
9

City of Palo, Iowa

Linn County County

38
OngoingWorseninghigh conf.

Google spent months negotiating with Linn County.

Regulatory
10/30
Infrastructure
16/25
Opposition
7/25
Timeline
5/20
Read analysis
10

City of Santa Clara, California

Santa Clara County County

42
OngoingWorseninghigh conf.

Santa Clara has a data center problem that money cannot solve: the grid is full.

Regulatory
14/30
Infrastructure
6/25
Opposition
12/25
Timeline
10/20
Read analysis

Clearest Entitlement Paths

10 Markets Where the Entitlement Path Is Clearest

Not guaranteed — but the evidence favors approval. Proven regulatory frameworks, supportive local government, and infrastructure that actually exists.

1

Pryor / MidAmerica Industrial Park, Oklahoma

Mayes County County

88
ApprovedStablehigh conf.

Google has expanded at MidAmerica Industrial Park seven times since 2011 without a single documented opposition hearing.

Regulatory
27/30
Infrastructure
22/25
Opposition
21/25
Timeline
18/20
Read analysis
2

Storey County (TRIC), Nevada

86
ApprovedStablehigh conf.

A Development Agreement locked in since February 2000 — before the iPhone, before cloud computing, before anyone imagined what a hyperscale data center would be.

Regulatory
27/30
Infrastructure
19/25
Opposition
22/25
Timeline
18/20
Read analysis
3

Abilene, Texas

Taylor County County

84
ApprovedStablehigh conf.

Abilene annexed 800 acres, wrote a dedicated Data Building Code, created a DC-specific utility tariff, approved a 1,375-acre industrial park unanimously, and the state legislature rejected an attempt to repeal data center tax exemptions by a 6-3 vote.

Regulatory
24/30
Infrastructure
23/25
Opposition
20/25
Timeline
17/20
Read analysis
4

Papillion, Nebraska

Sarpy County County

84
ApprovedStablehigh conf.

Sarpy County did something almost no jurisdiction has done: it put "Data Centers" in the zoning code by name.

Regulatory
24/30
Infrastructure
22/25
Opposition
22/25
Timeline
16/20
Read analysis
5

Clarksville, Tennessee

Montgomery County County

82
ApprovedStablehigh conf.

Google has operated in Clarksville since 2019.

Regulatory
24/30
Infrastructure
20/25
Opposition
22/25
Timeline
16/20
Read analysis
6

Cheyenne, Wyoming

Laramie County County

79
ApprovedStablehigh conf.

Wyoming has a dedicated Data Building Code, DC-specific utility tariffs, and a legislature that rejected an attempt to repeal data center tax exemptions by 6-3.

Regulatory
24/30
Infrastructure
21/25
Opposition
18/25
Timeline
16/20
Read analysis
7

Lebanon, Indiana

Boone County County

78
OngoingStablehigh conf.

Eighty miles from Franklin Township — where Google withdrew under community pressure — Meta broke ground on a $10B campus inside the LEAP Innovation District on February 11, 2026.

Regulatory
25/30
Infrastructure
19/25
Opposition
15/25
Timeline
19/20
Read analysis
8

Council Bluffs, Iowa

Pottawattamie County County

77
ApprovedStablehigh conf.

Google has been in Council Bluffs for 18 years.

Regulatory
22/30
Infrastructure
20/25
Opposition
20/25
Timeline
15/20
Read analysis
9

Mesa, Arizona

Maricopa County County

72
OngoingWorseninghigh conf.

Fifteen data centers on 1,500 acres in under a decade.

Regulatory
20/30
Infrastructure
21/25
Opposition
16/25
Timeline
15/20
Read analysis
10

Temple, Texas

Bell County County

70
OngoingImprovinghigh conf.

Temple is the only market in the entire index with an Improving trajectory.

Regulatory
20/30
Infrastructure
19/25
Opposition
17/25
Timeline
14/20
Read analysis

Index Findings

What the data shows.

10 of 10

Hardest Markets Worsening

Every single Hardest market has a Worsening trajectory. Not one is stabilizing.

$64B

Projects Blocked

In U.S. data center projects blocked or delayed since 2023. $98B delayed in a single quarter of 2025.

28pt

Score Gap

Between the hardest and clearest markets. The difference between a 36-month political fight and a 6-month build.

1

Market Cut

In the Clearest list is actively worsening. Mesa, Arizona scored 72 but the governor is pursuing tax incentive repeal.

Get Your Site Scored

The index shows market-level risk. For site-level intelligence — your specific parcel, your specific use, your specific scale — request a scored intelligence brief.

Three fields. Where, what, and how big. Everything else is derived from public records.

20 markets scored. 15 states. Every claim verified.

About This Index

RealClearPublished Q1 2026

RealClear is an entitlement intelligence platform for real estate development teams. This index scores U.S. markets across four dimensions of data center entitlement risk: regulatory complexity, infrastructure readiness, community opposition density, and approval timeline. Every claim is verified against primary source documents — meeting minutes, court filings, zoning codes, and legislative records.

Read the full methodology
20Markets Scored
15States Covered
249+Claims Verified

Ready to screen a live site? RealClear returns a scored intelligence brief — zoning posture, approval path, community risk, and comparable outcomes — cited to the primary source.