King George County — Amazon Data Center
King George County, King George County, Virginia
HIGH RISK
Trajectory: Virginia General Assembly considered 60+ data center bills in 2026. New Governor Spanberger pledged scrutiny. Active downzoning and litigation.
Last updated 2026-03-29
King George County approved Amazon's rezoning, then elected a new Board of Supervisors that canceled the performance agreement, initiated a downzoning of 893 acres back to agricultural, and told Amazon's team to — according to the public record — "go to hell." The BZA denied vested rights 4-0. Amazon filed a circuit court appeal. The county chair said he was ready to "go to war."
Anti-DC candidates won the November 2023 Board elections. The new board canceled the performance agreement, downzoned Amazon's parcels, and denied vested rights.
BZA voted 4-0 to deny Amazon's vested rights request in March 2025. Amazon filed a circuit court appeal in April 2025.
Board Chair T.C. Collins publicly stated willingness to "go to war" with Amazon. This is the documented record — not hyperbole.
King George is in Dominion Energy territory but NOT in the core Northern Virginia data center infrastructure corridor. Grid capacity for multi-hundred-MW loads is uncertain.
Virginia is the epicenter of anti-DC legislation — 60+ bills in the 2026 General Assembly session.
Inside this score
How the 100 points break down.
Each dimension is scored out of its own weight, and the four add up to the score. A higher score is a clearer market-level path; it is not a likelihood of approval for a parcel.
- Regulatory Riskweight 3012 / 30
What it reads, and where it stops
Measures zoning classification, approval pathway type (by-right, CUP, rezoning), moratorium status, and regulatory trajectory. Higher scores indicate clearer regulatory paths.
Reads the written route and the stated direction of a market's rules as of the edition date. It does not read a particular parcel's zoning, and a rule recorded here can change at the next meeting of the body.
- Infrastructure Readinessweight 2510 / 25
What it reads, and where it stops
Measures utility capacity, grid interconnection availability, water supply adequacy, and infrastructure investment commitments. Higher scores indicate better infrastructure readiness.
Reads the utility, grid, water and investment record for the market. It does not confirm capacity at a given site, and delivery timelines for power and water are separate from entitlement risk.
- Opposition Densityweight 258 / 25
What it reads, and where it stops
Measures organized opposition groups, petition scale, public hearing attendance, political consequences (elections, recalls), and legal challenges. Higher scores indicate less opposition.
Reads organised opposition that shows on the public record: groups, petitions, hearings, elections and legal challenges. A quiet record is not evidence of support, and a loud one is not a count of votes.
- Approval Timelineweight 204 / 20
What it reads, and where it stops
Measures historical approval durations, number of sequential approval steps, legal challenges affecting timeline, and demonstrated fast-track capabilities. Higher scores indicate faster approvals.
Reads how long recorded approvals have taken and how many sequential steps they needed. Past duration is a record of what happened, not a schedule for the next application.
12 + 10 + 8 + 4 = 34 of 100 · High Risk
Dimension Breakdown
Four dimensions that determine entitlement feasibility.
Regulatory Risk
30 pts
Rezoning from agricultural required. County approved Dahlgren West unanimously but downzoned Amazon parcels. BZA denied vested rights request 4-0. Active circuit court litigation.
Score: 12/30. Rezoning approved, then downzoned. Vested rights denied 4-0. Active circuit court litigation. The county government is using every tool available to reverse its own prior approval.
Infrastructure Readiness
25 pts
Dominion Energy territory but NOT in core Northern Virginia DC infrastructure corridor. County considering BESS for additional power. Grid capacity uncertain for multi-hundred-MW loads.
Score: 10/25. Dominion Energy territory but outside the Northern Virginia DC corridor. No evidence of dedicated DC infrastructure or interconnection programs for this site.
Opposition Density
25 pts
Politically effective opposition: anti-DC candidates won November 2023 board elections, leading to performance agreement cancellation, downzoning initiation, and board infighting. Horti-Group USA filed lawsuit challenging GEV approval.
Score: 8/25. The opposition won the election. That is more consequential than any petition. Anti-DC board now controls the approval process. Horti-Group USA filed a separate lawsuit.
Approval Timeline
20 pts
Multi-year process risk: rezoning approved September 2023, performance agreement approved December 2023, canceled January 2024, downzoning initiated April 2024, BZA denial March 2025, circuit court petition April 2025.
Score: 4/20. Multi-year process: rezoning September 2023, performance agreement December 2023, canceled January 2024, downzoning April 2024, BZA denial March 2025, circuit court appeal April 2025. No resolution in sight.
Key Findings
What the record shows.
Board of Supervisors initiated downzoning of Amazon's 893 acres from industrial back to agricultural in April 2024.
Fredericksburg Free PressBZA voted 4-0 to deny Amazon's vested rights determination request in March 2025.
FXB Advance: BZA denies AmazonAmazon filed circuit court appeal in April 2025 challenging the BZA decision.
FXB Advance: Amazon Files AppealBoard Chair T.C. Collins publicly signaled willingness to "go to war" with Amazon.
Fredericksburg Free PressOpposition Profile
Who is organizing.
Anti-DC candidates won November 2023 board elections
Planning Commission voted 6-2 against GEV recommendation
Horti-Group USA filed lawsuit challenging GEV approval
AWS withdrew from Louisa County (adjacent Virginia county)
Timeline
How it unfolded.
September 1, 2023
Board approved rezoning of Amazon parcels from agricultural to industrial.
January 1, 2024
New board canceled performance agreement with Amazon.
April 1, 2024
Board initiated downzoning of 893 acres back to agricultural.
March 25, 2025
BZA voted 4-0 to deny Amazon vested rights request.
April 24, 2025
Amazon filed circuit court appeal.
Dates on the record
Dates on the record.
As of the 29 Mar 2026 edition
No date after the 29 Mar 2026 edition is on the record for King George County.
Only dates that this market's own timeline gives. No outcome is named. The dated acts that have already happened are in the timeline above.
Known Risks
What could change.
Active risk factors documented in public record.
Active litigation over vested rights and downzoning
Not in core Northern Virginia DC infrastructure corridor
Anti-DC board elected and actively hostile
60+ data center bills in Virginia General Assembly
Recommendation
HIGH RISK — Score 34/100
High Risk. Active litigation, hostile board, downzoning proceedings, and statewide legislative uncertainty.
From the record
What the public record holds for King George County.
Each case file below is a verified public record with its sources attached; each note is a dated research note. They sit beside this market's score; they do not change it.
Case files elsewhere in Virginia
- Devlin rezoning approved after a failed remand motionData centers · Prince William County, Virginia
- Digital Gateway rezonings voided on notice groundsData centers · Prince William County, Virginia
- Fourth Circuit held Culpeper tower application deemed approvedSpecial uses · Culpeper County, Virginia
- Tech Park at Dulles substation exception deniedData centers · Loudoun County, Virginia
- Prince George upheld a non-accord determination for Bakers Pond solarEnergy · Prince George, Virginia
Notes about Virginia
- By-right is not forever: Loudoun, Fayetteville, and the repricing of permitted useJurisdiction Data · 16 Jun 2026
- Virginia sends the bill: what the 2026 data-center tax fights mean for site selectionJurisdiction Data · 15 May 2026
- Buc-ee's runs the same play in two states; the records divergeJurisdiction Data · 3 May 2026
- The cost of capital is an entitlement riskJurisdiction Data · 3 Apr 2026
Sector page: Data centers
Get your site briefed before the surprises start.
Zoning posture, approval pathway, community risk, and comparable outcomes. The cited site-memo queue targets a delivery window confirmed at acceptance of the completed property submission. Complex or thin-record sites can take longer.
Bring us a propertyThe site-memo queue targets a delivery window confirmed at acceptance of the completed property submission. Complex or thin-record sites can take longer.